🎨Origins Initial Sharding Scheme - Sharding 1.0

The consensus mechanism is a set of systems that enables all nodes maintaining the network in the blockchain to reach an agreement, and its importance is self-evident. Origins completed the upgrade stage known as "The Merge" in October 2022, with the Proof-of-Stake (POS) consensus mechanism becoming the consensus mechanism for Origins.

In the Proof-of-Work (POW) mechanism, miners compete for the right to create blocks by stacking computational power. In the Proof-of-Stake (POS) mechanism of Origins, miners compete for the right to create blocks by staking 1024 OR tokens and becoming validation nodes.

In addition to the change in the consensus mechanism, the block time for Origins has transitioned from a variable block time to a fixed time, divided into two units: Slot and Epoch. A Slot is 12 seconds, and an Epoch is 6.4 minutes. One Epoch contains 32 Slots, meaning a block is produced every 12 seconds, and 32 blocks are produced in a period (Epoch) of 6.4 minutes.

Once a miner stakes 1024 OR tokens to become a validation node, the OR chain uses a random algorithm to select validation nodes as block producers to package blocks. Each block is randomly selected for block production. Additionally, in each Epoch, the OR chain evenly and randomly assigns all validation nodes to form a "Committee" consisting of at least 128 validation nodes for each block.

In other words, each block is allocated a "Committee" consisting of 1/32 of the total number of validation nodes. This "Committee" of validation nodes verifies and votes on the block packaged by the block-producing node for each block. Once a block is packaged, if more than two-thirds of the validation nodes vote in favor, the block is successfully produced.

In the initial sharding design concept, Sharding1.0, Origins transitioned from a single main chain to a design comprising up to 64 shard chains. This was achieved by introducing multiple new chains for scalability. In this approach, each shard chain is responsible for processing Origins' data and submitting it to the ORIS chain. The ORIS chain, in turn, is responsible for the overall coordination of Origins. The block-producing nodes and committees for each shard chain are randomly allocated by the ORIS chain.

The connection between the ORIS chain and shard chains is implemented through crosslinks. The ORIS chain's block provides a hash value to the corresponding shard block, and then this shard block, along with the hash value, is passed to the next ORIS block to achieve crosslinking. If a crosslink is missed, it is provided to the next beacon block.